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Twice exceptional
The term twice exceptional, often abbreviated as 2e, has only recently entered educators' lexicon and refers to intellectually gifted children who have some form of disability.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Gifted and Learning Disabled: Twice Exceptional Students )〕 These children are considered exceptional both because of their intellectual gifts and because of their special needs.
A 2e child usually refers to a child who, alongside being considered intellectually above average, is formally diagnosed with one or more disabilities.〔National Education Association, 2006. ''The Twice-Exceptional Dilemma.''Washington D.C.:NEA.〕 The disabilities are varied: dyslexia, visual or auditory processing disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sensory processing disorder, autism, Asperger syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, or any other disability interfering with the student's ability to learn effectively in a traditional environment.〔 The child might have a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or diagnoses of anxiety or depression.[ChildTrends Databank: Number of Children ). ChildTrends.org, last updated July 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2015.〕). Linda Silverman, Ph.D., the director of the Gifted Development Center has found that fully 1/6 of the gifted children tested at the GDC have a learning difference of some type.〔Silverman, Linda ("What We Have Learned About Gifted Children" ),''Gifted Development Center'', 2012.〕 ]
==Misunderstood children==
Brody and Mills () argue that this population of students "could be considered the most misunderstood of all exceptionalities". In each situation, the 2e student’s strengths help to compensate for deficits; the deficits, on the other hand, make the child’s strengths less apparent.〔Baum, S. & Owen, S. (2004). To Be Gifted & Learning Disabled: Strategies for Helping Bright Students with LD, ADHD, and More. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press.〕 The interplay of exceptional strengths and weaknesses in a single individual results in inconsistency in performance. They might present any of the three profiles identified by educator and researcher Susan Baum:
* Bright but not trying hard enough
* Learning disabled but with no exceptional abilities
* Average.
A 2e student’s grades commonly alternate between high and low, sometimes within the same subject. The child might have advanced vocabulary and ideas but be unable to organize those ideas and express them on paper. He might be a skilled artist or builder but turn in assignments that are messy or illegible. He might complete assignments but lose them or forget to turn them in. To the parents and teachers observing this behavior, it may seem that the child just isn’t trying. In fact, many 2e children work as hard if not harder than others, but with less to show for their efforts.
This struggle to accomplish tasks that appear easy for other students can leave 2e children frustrated, anxious, and depressed. It can rob them of their enthusiasm and energy for school and damage their self-esteem.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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